This article reviews how the Indonesian electoral system and political funding scheme create a condition where only individuals with significant economic capital could participate in politics. The oligarchs, whose interests collide with Indonesia’s agenda of environmental protection, are a force to reckon with in the run up to Pemilihan Umum 2024 (the 2024 General Election – Pemilu).
Various Islamist actors are competing and collaborating with each other across different political parties and coalitions in GE15. With different political and social participation, they have undergone various transformations although do not necessarily give up their ideological commitment.
Sharia politics as a political force peaked in 2016 and 2017 but has struggled to maintain its momentum in recent years. Despite setbacks, it is in no way out of the picture. Will it make a comeback in 2024?
While Islamist parties are still a long way from dominating the upcoming Indonesian elections, conservative Muslim voters will become increasingly indispensable to presidential hopefuls, adding pressures on religious liberty in Indonesia.
